成才路上 奧數國家級教練與四名特級 教師聯手執教。 完形填空考查對語法、詞匯、習語、句型、搭配等基礎知識的綜合運用能力,又考查對短文的閱讀理解能力。是中高考常見的一種題型,是中學生最為棘手的題型之一。所以學習在具體的語境中靈活運用語言知識,根據試題內容進行正確的邏輯推理,綜合判斷和分析概括的能力就顯得非常重要,下面介紹一點完形填空的考察題型和答題技巧,后面還有例題解析哦~ ? 考查題型 完形填空題的兩空之間一般相隔7-10個詞,短文第一個句子一般不設填空題。 1、上下文直接信息題。 2、詞義辨析題。 3、詞、句、意結合題。 4、語法知識和固定短語考查題。 5、行文邏輯和全文中心把握題。 對于完形填空,通常做題者從總體上把握文章主旨,接受作者所傳達的信息與情感,針對完形填空,提出了各種多層次、全方位的理解技法,其中以總體把握法、詞語搭配法、語法判定法、語境聯想法、舉例對比法最為重要。
1.總體把握 要通讀完形填空的短文,跳過空格快速閱讀,了解全篇的主要內容。切不可把寶貴的時間浪費在個別字句推敲上。 2.弄清體裁 文章體裁通常分為四種:論述文、記敘文、說明文和應用文。中考選文以敘事性文章為主,如:幽默故事、科普知識、童話、簡短新聞、名人軼事、社會熱點問題等。讀這類文章,要大體上了解故事所涉及的時間、地點、人物、事件及前因后果。 3.重視主題句 完形填空所用的短文一般不給標題,但短文的主題句,往往在每段文章的首句,有時也出現在文章的中間或結束處。主題句提供全篇的性質、大意等,這是深入了解全文的“窗口”,甚至能以語句為立足點,從該句的時態、語氣推測全文的主要內容。 4.語境聯想 利用上下文的提示,用學過的知識和已有的生活經驗,掃清部分詞匯理解上的障礙。 ? 解題技巧 1.詞語搭配 (1)從語法角度來說,句子不是詞的序列,而是詞組的序列。 (2)因搭配關系而產生的一般性詞匯。如:see a film (3)詞序和意義皆以固定的復合詞和動詞短語。如:push ahead with(奮力前行)。 (4)因詞組而構成的常見的句式:It feels+形容詞+不定式,在搭配判斷時,注意:要區別外形相近而意義不同的搭配。如:look for, look over, look out, look after, look up等。要區別形不相似而意義相近的搭配。如:I paid 12 pounds for the dictionary. The book cost me a lot. It took three men to lift the box.句中都有“付出、花費、需要”的意思。譯成漢語時似乎相通。但更要注意它們之間的搭配變化;要注意單個詞組的多義性。如:take off有“脫下(衣服),(飛機)起飛,匆匆離開,取下,休假等多種含意。 2.語法判定 (1)要注意出現頻率較高的詞類題,依次為動詞、介詞、代詞、連詞、形容詞、副詞。選擇各類詞時,要注意以下幾個方面:
(3)在語法適用方面,可以用擇優法和排除法
3. 例舉對比 在完形填空的多項選擇中,常常會遇到難以選擇的題目。需要調動頭腦里的知識“儲備”,例舉熟知的語言現象與之相比較,再做出明智的選擇。 ? 解題過程
? 范例解析思路 例一: Every year students in many countries learn English. Some of these students are children, __1__ students are young people. Why do all these people want to learn__2__? It is not__3__to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school. It is one of their __4__. Many people learn English because it is__5__in their work. Some young people learn English__6__their higher studies because some of their books are__7__English. Other people learn English because they want to __8__newspapers in English. Some people learn English because they want to __9__ in the USA, England or Australia. English is very__10__in our life. 1. A. all B. the other C. both D. other 2. A. English B. Chinese C. maths D. Japanese 3. A. hard B. easy C. good D. nice 4. A. books B. classes C. schools D. subjects 5. A. good B. useful C. fine D. pleased 6. A. for B. of C. to D. from 7. A. in B. with C. at D. of 8. A. look B. see C. look at D. read 9. A. go B. work C. like D. come 10. A. help B. helping C. helps D. helpful 解題思路:首先,通覽全文。通過通覽全文,便知本文講述許多人學習英語。學習英語的人年齡不同,目的各異。其次,本著先易后難的原則開始填空,先根據上下文和自己的語感,推測部分空格的可能答案。然后,再結合選項逐一敲定。 1. 選B。some...other(s)...意思是“一些……另一些(泛指)”;some...the other(s)...意思是“一些……另一些(特指)”。由語境可知,在學英語的學生中,除一部分是孩子外,剩余的是青年人(特指)。 2. 選A。根據上下文可知是English。 3. 選B。由文章內容來看,人們學習英語的原因多種多樣,因此回答為什么那么多人學習英語這個問題并不容易。 4. 選D。由常識可知,English是學生學習的科目(subject)之一。 5. 選B。根據前后文意可知許多人學習英語,那是因為English在他們的工作中很有用(useful)。 6. 選A。本題屬于介詞用法辨析。介詞for在此可表示目的、原因。 7. 選A。in English是習慣搭配。 8. 選D。“讀報”英語習慣說read newspapers。 9. 選B。根據語境及句子結構,有些人學習英語或想出國(go to a country)或想在這些國家工作(work in a country)。 10. 選D。末句點題,'英語在我們生活中是很有幫助的(helpful)'。 最后,復讀檢驗。將所有答案代入空格后,重新將短文復讀一遍,如果語句通順,語意清楚,便結束本題,轉做其它試題。 最后須提醒大家一點,做好完形填空題并非一日之功。我們應從平日學習中做起,多積累,勤學苦練,方可成功! 例二: parent, tell, call, celebrate, together, why, start, after, shop, newspaper Most people buy lots of presents just before Christmas. But some people think we buy too much. They have started a special day (1) _______ Buy Nothing Day. They don’t want anyone to go (2) _______ on that day. Buy Nothing Day is November 29. It is (3) _______ Thanksgiving. Often, before Christmas we see many ads in (4) _______ and on TV (5) _________ us to “buy, buy, buy!” The idea for Buy Nothing Day (6) _______ in Vancouver, Canada. Now people all over the world (7) _______ Buy Nothing Day. In California, the US, (8) _________ and children get (9) _______ to read stories, sing songs, and draw pictures. The children talk about (10) _______ they don’t need a lot of toys. 本文是向考生介紹一個特殊的日子——Buy Nothing Day,因此第1空應填called。既然是Buy Nothing Day,那就應該是不讓人們“購物 (go shopping)”。第3空考查常識,Buy Nothing Day的日期是November 29,應該在Thanksgiving之后,故此空白處應填after。“看見廣告”通常應在報紙上或電視上,因此第4空白處應填newspapers。結合文意可知第5空白處應填寫一個動詞,并且能用動詞不定式作復合賓語,此動詞應是tell,此處應用“動詞-ing”形式,即telling。第6空白處所在的句子是介紹Buy Nothing Day的起源,是過去的事情,應用started。現在,世界各地也像慶祝其他節日一樣來慶祝Buy Nothing Day,因此第7個空白處應填寫celebrate (慶祝)。第8空白處應填parents與children對應。第9空白處應填together與動詞get構成get together短語,意思是“團聚”。第10空白處應填why來澄清“they don’t need a lot of toys”的原因。 ? 完形填空實戰練習 完形填空(一) The purpose(目的)of students 1 come to school is to study. But 2 needs right way or we would waste the time or the money. The followings are ways for studying. The 3 time for reading is morning. Because in the morning, the air is fresh and our minds are clear. For that reason, we can get good results. When we study we must be patient(有耐性的). If we don’t understand a text well, we must read it again. We should not read the next 4 we have learned the first one well. When we are studying, we must put our hearts 5 the book. We cannot read absent-mindedly(心不在焉地), or we could get 6 from the book while we are reading. We must always ask “why”. If it is not 7 understood, write it down and ask our teachers or parents, brothers or friends, in 8 possible way. We must know it completely and then our knowledge can 9 well. Though there are many ways for studying, 10 , the above mentioned(提到的)will be quite enough if we can keep them in heart.
完形填空(二) Mr Brown was a rich shopkeeper. He 1 a lot of money to his son Jim when he was dying. The young man often 2 his friends to dinner and several years later he spent all the money on the 3 food. Now he got into trouble and nobody came to him. It made him 4 and he went to ask a clever old man for advice. “My money has 5 and my friends have gone,” said the young man. “What will happen to me now?” “Don,t 6 , young man,” answered the old man. “Everything will soon be all right again. 7 and you will soon feel much happier.” 8 this, the young man was very glad. He asked, “Am I going to be 9 again if I don’t like working?” “No,”said the old man.“I 10 you will soon get used to being poor and having no friends.”
參考答案 完形填空(一) 1—5 ACCBB 6—10 DABDB 完形填空(二) 1—5 BCDAB 6—10 ACCCA 《成才路上》,由江蘇省數學名師、數學奧林匹克國家級教練員,聯手四名特級教師共同打造。 |
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